The law of Insolvency in India is primarily governed by the Presidency Town Insolvency Act, 1909 & Provincial Insolvency Act, 1920. The Act applies to individuals, firms, HUF, etc., but does not apply to registered associations and companies.
The law of insolvency is designed to meet the case of an individual who has no reasonable prospect of being able to pay his debts. Its aim is three fold:
- To adjudicate an insolvent debtor and to protect him;
- To arrange for realisation and equitable distribution of his properties among the creditors in the most expeditious and economical manner;
- To discharge the debtor giving him new start in life free from the demands of his creditors.
As discussed above, it is only a civil remedy and it does not preclude criminal libility, ie., his liability under criminal law continues.