Useful SC and HC Judgments to help you to deny maintenance to a Qualified wife

SECTIONS	THE INDIAN PENAL CODE, 1860	SECTIONS	THE BHARATIYA NYAYA SANHITA, 2023
1	Title and extent of operation of the Code.	1	Short title, commencement and application.
2	Punishment of offences committed within India.	2	Definitions.
3	Punishment of offences committed beyond, but which by law may be tried within, India.	3	General Explanations and expressions.
4	Extension of Code to extra-territorial offences	4	Punishments.
5	Certain laws not to be affected by this Act.	5	Commutation of sentence of death or imprisonment for life.
6	Definitions in the Code to be understood subject to exceptions.	6	Fractions of terms of punishment.
7	Sense of expression once explained.	7	Sentence may be (in certain cases of imprisonment) wholly or partly rigorous or simple.
8	Gender.	8	Amount of fine, liability in default of payment of fine, etc.
9	Number.	9	Limit of punishment of offence made up of several offences.
10	“Man”. “Woman”.	10	Punishment of person guilty of one of several offences, the judgment stating that it is doubtful of which.
11	“Person”.	11	Solitary confinement.
12	“Public”.	12	Limit of solitary confinement.
13	[Omitted.].	13	Enhanced punishment for certain offences after previous conviction.
15	[Repealed.].	14	Enhanced punishment for certain offences after previous conviction.
16	[Repealed.].	15	Act of Judge when acting judicially.
17	“Government”.	16	Act done pursuant to the judgment or order of Court.
18	“India”.	17	Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself, justified, by law.
19	“Judge”.	18	Accident in doing a lawful act.
20	“Court of Justice”.	19	Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other harm.
21	“Public servant”.	20	Act of a child under seven years of age.
22	“Moveable property”.	21	Act of a child above seven and under twelve of immature understanding.
23	“Wrongful gain”.	22	Act of a person of mental illness.
	“Wrongful loss”.	23	Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his will.
24	“Dishonestly”.	25	Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consent.
25	“Fraudulently”.	26	Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person’s benefit.
26	“Reason to believe”.	27	Act done in good faith for benefit of child or person with mental illness, by or by consent of guardian.
27	Property in possession of wife, clerk or servant.	28	Consent known to be given under fear or misconception.
28	“Counterfeit”.	29	Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused.
29	“Document”.	30	Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent.
29A	“Electronic record”.	31	Communication made in good faith.
30	“Valuable security”.	32	Act to which a person compelled by threats.
31	“A will”.	33	Act causing slight harm.
32	Words referring to acts include illegal omissions.	34	Things done in private defence.
33	“Act”.	35	Right of private defence of the body and of property.
	“Omission”.	36	Right of private defence against the act of a person with mental illness, etc.
34	Acts done by several persons in furtherance of common intention.	37	Acts against which there is no right of private defence.
35	When such an act is criminal by reason of its being done with a criminal knowledge or intention.	38	When the right of private defence of the body extends to causing death.
36	Effect caused partly by act and partly by omission.	39	When such right extends to causing any harm other than death.
37	Co-operation by doing one of several acts constituting an offence.	40	Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of the body.
38	Persons concerned in criminal act may be guilty of different offences.	41	When the right of private defence of property extends to causing death.
39	“Voluntarily”.	42	When such right extends to causing any harm other than death.
40	“Offence”.	43	Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of property.
41	“Special law”.	44	Right of private defence against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent person.
42	“Local law”.	45	Abetment of a thing.
43	“Illegal”.	46	Abettor.
44	“Injury”.	48	Abetment outside India for offence in India.
45	“Life”.	49	Punishment of abetment if the act abetted is committed in consequence and where no express provision is made for its punishment.
46	“Death”.	50	Punishment of abetment if person abetted does act with different intention from that of abettor.
47	“Animal”.	51	Liability of abettor when one act abetted and different act done.
48	“Vessel”.	52	Abettor when liable to cumulative punishment for act abetted and for act done.
49	“Year”.	53	Liability of abettor for an effect caused by the act abetted different from that intended by the abettor.
50	“Section”.	55	Abettor present when offence is committed.
51	“Oath”.	56	Abetment of offence punishable with imprisonment.
52	“Goodfaith”.	57	Abetting commission of offence by the public or by more than ten persons.
52A	“Harbour-“.	58	Concealing design to commit offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life.
53	Punishments.	59	Public servant concealing design to commit offence which it is his duty to prevent.
53A	Construction of reference to transportation.	60	Concealing design to commit offence punishable with imprisonment.
54	Commutation of sentence of death.	61	Criminal conspiracy.
55	Commutation of sentence of imprisonment for life. 55A. Definition of "appropriate Government".	62	Punishment for attempting to commit offences punishable with imprisonment for life or other imprisonment.
56	[Repealed.].	63	Rape
57	Fractions of terms of punishment.	64	Punishment for rape.
58	[Repealed.].	65	Punishment for rape in certain cases.
59	[Repealed.].	66	Punishment for causing death or resulting in persistent vegetative state of victim.
60	Sentence may be (in certain cases of imprisonment) wholly or partly rigorous of simple.	67	Sexual intercourse by husband upon his wife during separation or by a person in authority.
61	[Repealed.].	68	Sexual intercourse by a person in authority.
62	[Repealed.].	69	Sexual intercourse by employing deceitful means etc.
63	Amount of fine.	70	Gang rape.
64	Sentence of imprisonment for non-payment of fine.	71	Punishment for repeat offenders.
65	Limit to imprisonment for non-payment of fine, when imprisonment and fine awardable.	72	Disclosure of identity of the victim of certain offences, etc.
66	Description of imprisonment for non-payment of fine.	73	Assault or criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty.
67	Imprisonment for non-payment of fine, when offence punishable with fine only.	74	Sexual harassment and punishment for sexual harassment.
68	Imprisonment to terminate on payment of fine.	75	Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to disrobe.
69	Termination of imprisonment on payment of proportional part of fine.	76	Voyeurism.
70	Fine leviable within six years, of during imprisonment. Death not to discharge property from liability.	77	Stalking.
71	Limit of punishment of offence made up of several offences.	78	Word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman.
72	Punishment of person guilty of one of several offences, the judgment stating that is doubtful of which.	79	Dowry death.
73	Solitary confinement.	80	Cohabitation caused by a man deceitfully inducing a belief of lawful marriage.
74	Limit of solitary confinement.	81	Marrying again during lifetime of husband or wife.
75	Enhanced punishment for certain offences under Chapter XII or Chapter XVII after previous conviction.	82	Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriage.
76	Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law.	83	Enticing or taking away or detaining with criminal intent a married woman.
77	Act of Judge when acting judicially.	84	Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty.
78	Act done pursuant to the judgment or order of Court.	85	Kidnapping, abducting or inducing woman to compel her marriage, etc.
79	Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself justified, by law.	86	Causing miscarriage.
80	Accident in doing a lawful act.	87	Causing miscarriage without woman’s consent.
81	Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other harm.	88	Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage.
82	Act of a child under seven years of age.	89	Act done with intent to prevent child being born alive or to cause it to die after birth.
83	Act of a child above seven and under twelve of immature understanding.	90	Causing death of quick unborn child by act amounting to culpable homicide.
84	Act of a person of unsound mind.	91	Exposure and abandonment of child under twelve years, by parent or person having care of it.
85	Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his will.	92	Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead body.
86	Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by one who is intoxicated.	93	Hiring, employing or engaging a child to commit an offence.
87	Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consent.	94	Procuration of child.
88	Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person's benefit.	95	Kidnapping or abducting child under ten years with intent to steal from its person.
89	Act done in good faith for benefit of child or insane person, by or by consent of guardian. Provisos.	96	Selling child for purposes of prostitution, etc.
90	Consent known to be given under fear or misconception.	97	Buying child for purposes of prostitution, etc.
	Consent of child.	98	Culpable homicide.
91	Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused.	99	Murder
92	Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent. Provisos.	100	Culpable homicide by causing death of person other than person whose death was intended.
93	Communication made in good faith.	101	Punishment for murder.
94	Act to which a person is compelled by threats.	102	Punishment for murder by life-convict.
95	Act causing slight harm.	103	Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder.
96	Things done in private defence.	104	Causing death by negligence.
97	Right of private defence of the body and of property.	105	Abetment of suicide of child or person with mental illness.
98	Right of private defence against the act of a person of unsound mind. etc.	106	Abetment of suicide.
99	Acts against which there is no right of private defence. Extent to which the right may be exercised.	107	Attempt to murder.
100	When the right of private defence of the body extends to causing death.	108	Attempt to commit culpable homicide.
103	When the right of private defence of property extends to causing death.	109	Organised crime.
104	When such right extends to causing any harm other than death.	110	Petty organised crime or organised in general.
105	Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of property.	111	Offence of terrorist act.
106	Right of private defence against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent person.	112	Hurt.
107	Abetment of a thing.	113	Voluntarily causing hurt.
108	Abettor.	114	Grievous hurt.
108A	Abetment in Indian of offences outside India.	115	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt.
109	Punishment of a abetment if the act abetted is committed in consequence and when no express provision is made for its punishment.	116	Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means.
110	Punishment of abetment if person abetted does act with different intention from that of abettor. 111.Liability of abettor when one act abetted and different act done.	117	Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal to an act.
112	Abettor when liable to cumulative punishment for act abetted and for act done .	118	Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of property.
113	Liability of abettor for an effect caused by the act abetted different from that intended by the abettor. 114.Abettor present when offence is committed.	119	Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to deter public servant from his duty.
115	Abetment of offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life.—if offence not committed.	120	Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt on provocation.
	If act causing harm be done in consequence.	121	Causing hurt by means of poison, etc., with intent to commit an offence.
116	Abetment of offence punishable with imprisonment.—if offence be not committed.	122	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid, etc.
117	Abetting commission of offence by the public or by more than ten persons.	123	Act endangering life or personal safety of others.
118	Concealing design to commit offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life.	124	Wrongful restraint.
	If offence be committed;	125	Wrongful confinement.
	if offence be not committed.	126	Force.
119	Public servant concealing design to commit offence which it is his duty to prevent. if offence be committed;	127	Criminal force.
	if offence be punishable with death, etc.	128	Assault.
120	Concealing design to commit offence punishable with imprisonment.	129	Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation.
	if offence be committed;	130	Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of his duty.
	if offence be not committed.
120A	Definition of criminal conspiracy.	131	Assault or criminal force with intent to dishonor person, otherwise than on grave provocation.
120B	Punishment of criminal conspiracy.	132	Assault or criminal force in attempt to commit theft of property carried by a person.
121	Waging, or attempting to wage war, or abetting waging of war, against the Government of India.	133	Assault or criminal force in attempt wrongfully to confine a person.
121A	Conspiracy to commit offences punishable by section 121.	134	Assault or criminal force on grave provocation.
122	Collecting arms, etc., with intention of waging war against the Government of India.	135	Kidnapping
123	Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage war.	136	Abduction
124	Assaulting President. Governor, etc., with intent to compel or restrain the exercise of any lawful power. 124A. Sedition.	137	Kidnapping or maiming a child for purposes of begging.
125	Waging war against any Asiatic power in alliance with the Government of India.	138	Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder or for ransom etc.
126	Committing depredation on territories of power at peace with the Government of India.	139	Importation of girl or boy from foreign country.
127	Receiving property taken by war or depredation mentioned in sections 125 and 126.	140	Wrongfully concealing or keeping in confinement, kidnapped or abducted person.
128	Public servant voluntarily allowing prisoner of State or war to escape.	141	Trafficking of person.
129	Public servant negligently suffering such prisoner to escape.	142	Exploitation of a trafficked person.
130	Aiding escape of, rescuing or harbouring such prisoner.	143	Habitual dealing in slaves.
131	Abetting mutiny, or attempting to seduce a soldier, sailor or airman from his duty.	144	Unlawful compulsory labour.
132	Abetment of mutiny, if mutiny is committed in consequence thereof.	145	Waging, or attempting to wage war, or abetting waging of war, against the Government of India.
133	Abetment of assault by soldier, sailor or airman on his superior officer, when in execution of his office.	146	Conspiracy to commit offences punishable by section 145.
134	Abetment of such assault, if the assault is committed.	147	Collecting arms, etc., with intention of waging war against the Government of India.
135	Abetment of desertion of soldier, sailor or airman.	148	Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage war.
136	Harbouring deserter.	149	Assaulting President, Governor, etc., with intent to compel or restrain the exercise of any lawful power.
137	Deserter concealed on board merchant vessel through negligence of master.	150	Acts endangering sovereignty unity and integrity of India.
138	Abetment of act of insubordination by soldier, sailor or airman. 138A. [Repealed.].	151	Waging war against Government of any foreign State at peace with the Government of India.
139	Persons subject to certain Acts.	152	Committing depredation on territories of foreign State at peace with the Government of India.
140	Wearing garb or carrying token used by soldier, sailor or airman.	153	Receiving property taken by war or depredation mentioned in sections 153 and 154.
141	Unlawful assembly.	154	Public servant voluntarily allowing prisoner of state or war to escape.
142	Being member of unlawful assembly.	155	Public servant negligently suffering such prisoner to escape.
143	Punishment	156	Aiding escape of, rescuing or harbouring such prisoner.
144	Joining unlawful assembly armed with deadly weapon.	157	Abetting mutiny, or attempting to seduce a soldier, sailor or airman from his duty.
145	Joining or continuing in unlawful assembly, knowing it has been commanded to disperse.	158	Abetment of mutiny, if mutiny is committed in consequence thereof.
146	Rioting.	159	Abetment of assault by soldier, sailor or airman on his superior officer, when in execution of his office.
147	Punishment for rioting.	160	Abetment of such assault, if the assault committed.
148	Rioting, armed with deadly weapon.	161	Abetment of desertion of soldier, sailor or airman.
149	Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object.	162	Harbouring deserter.
150	Hiring, or conniving at hiring, of persons to join unlawful assembly.	163	Deserter concealed on board merchant vessel through negligence of master.
151	Knowingly joining or continuing in assembly of five or more persons after it has been commanded to disperse.	164	Abetment of act of insubordination by soldier, sailor or airman.
152	Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc.	165	Persons subject to certain Acts.
153	Wantonly giving provocation, with intent to cause riot—	166	Wearing garb or carrying token used by soldier, sailor or airman.
153A	Promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence. language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony.	167	Candidate, electoral right defined.
	Offence committed in place of worship, etc.	168	Bribery.
153AA	Punishment for knowingly carrying arms in any procession or organizing, or holding or taking part in any mass drill or mass training with arms.	169	Undue influence at elections.
153B	Imputation, assertions prejudicial to national-integration.	170	Personation at elections.
154	Owner or occupier of land on which an unlawful assembly is held.	171	Punishment for bribery.
155	Liability of person for whose benefit riot is committed.	172	Punishment for undue influence or personation at an election.
156	Liablility of agent of owner or occupier for whose benefit riot is committed.	173	False statement in connection with an election.
157	Harbouring persons hired for an unlawful assembly.	174	Illegal payments in connection with an election.
158	Being hired to take part in an unlawful assembly or riot; or to go armed.	175	Failure to keep election accounts.
159	Affray.	176	Counterfeiting coin, government stamps, currency-notes or bank-notes.
160	Punishment for committing affray.	177	Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank notes.
161	[Repealed.].	178	Possession of forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes.
162	[Repealed.].	179	Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting coin, Government stamp, currency notes or bank-notes.
163	[Repealed.].	180	Making or using documents resembling currency-notes or bank-notes.
164	[Repealed.].	181	Effacing writing from substance bearing Government stamp, or removing from document a stamp used for it, with intent to cause loss to Government.
165	[Repealed.].	182	Using Government stamp known to have been before used.
166	Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person.	183	Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been used.
166B	Punishment for non-treatment of victim.	184	Prohibition of fictitious stamps.
167	Public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury.	185	Person employed in mint causing coin to be of different weight or composition from that fixed by law.
168	Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade.	186	Unlawfully taking coining instrument from mint.
169	Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property.	187	Unlawful assembly.
170	Personating a public servant.	188	Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object.
171	Wearing garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intent.	189	Rioting.
171A	“Candidate”, “Electoral right” defined.	190	Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot- if rioting be committed; if not committed.
171B	Bribery	191	Liability of owner, occupier etc., of land on which an unlawful assembly or riot takes place.
171C	Undue influence at elections.	192	Affray.
171E	Punishment for bribery.	193	Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc.
171F	Punishment for undue influence or personation at an election.	194	Promoting enmity between different groups on ground of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony.
171H	Illegal payments in connection with an election.	195	Imputations, assertions prejudicial to national integration.
171I	Failure to keep election accounts.	196	Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person.
172	Absconding to avoid service of summons of other proceeding.	197	Public servant disobeying direction under law.
173	Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication thereof.	198	Punishment for non-treatment of victim.
174	Non-attendance in obedience to an order from public servant.	199	Public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury.
174A	Non-appearance in response to a proclamation under section 82 of Act 2 of 1974.	200	Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade.
175	Omission to produce document to public servant by person legally bound to produce it.
176	Omission to give notice or information to public servant by person legally bound to give i t.
177	Furnishing false information.
178	Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make it.
179	Refusing to answer public servant authorised to question.
180	Refusing to sign statement.
181	False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorised to administer an oath or affirmation.
182	False information, with intent to cause public servant to use his lawful power to the injury of another person.
183	Resistance to the taking of property by the lawful authority of a public servant.
184	Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of public servant.
185	Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public servant.
186	Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functions.
187	Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance.
188	Disobedience to order duly promulgated by public servant.
189	Threat of injury to public servant.
190	Threat of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection to public servant.
191	Giving false evidence.
192	Fabricating false evidence.
193	Punishment for false evidence.
194	Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence. if innocent person be thereby convicted and executed.
195	Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment.
195A	Threatening any person to give false evidence.
196	Using evidence known to be false.
197	Issuing or signing false certificate.
198	Using as true a certificate known to be false.
199	False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence.
200	Using as true such declaration knowing it to be false.

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