Distinct feature of section 34 is element of participation. Sewaram & others Vs State of U.P AIR 2008 SC 682

Existence of common intention and participation in a crime are essential under section 34. Sunny kapoor's case AIR 2006 SC 2242

Act in furtherance of common intention is condition precedent under section 34 of I.P.C. Barendra kumar ghosh Vs King emperor AIR 1925 PC 1

Common intention is the concept used by the courts so as to punish several persons together.The object is not to spare anybody who is connected to commission of an offense when several persons are involved in commission of offense court may find difficult to understand the act played by each other person. So in certain conditions are fulfilled court punishes all those several persons jointly for that offense. This concept has been propounded by court in England in case of R Vs Cruise 1838 SC 541

This is the major substantive law of india. It deals with the rights and duties. The I.P.C unfortunately does not define as to what is crime?