A caveat petition is a legal document that is filed in order to request that a court hearing be held in order to determine whether or not a will is valid. The petitioner is typically someone who is named in the will, but stands to lose out if the will is found to be valid. In order to file a caveat petition, the petitioner must first obtain a copy of the will from the probate court. The petition must then be filed with the court in which the will was originally filed.