Tm & r

when we write the TM it means the application is pending before the TM office for registration but you are entitle to write R only after you get the TM approved in your favour.

TM says its your trade mark and you can write TM even without making an application (for common law countries). There is no provision in Act or rules in negative.

(R) indicates its your registered trade mark. If your mark is not registered and you mention (R) that means you are misleading people and playing fraud. Section 107 provides for punishment for using (R) when your trade mark is not registered.

Shruti Thanks.

u/s 107 it is clear that (R) cannot be used by unregistered marks.

And nowhere in the TM act or rules the mark (TM) is even mentioned i.e. nothing in negative. Hence it can be used on application.

Thanks for the clarification.