It is felt that earned wages can not be reduced and answer to Q.2&3 is Yes. You may approach the O/o Labor Commissioner and obtain rules pertaining to your state, and you shall get the precise answer to Q1.
Q.4 It is heartening to note that you have raised this query. The approach to Q4 can be adapted as per the situation, and situational management may just be right approach.
--The promoters are not interested/least interested/do not pay attention/have a notion that state laws-rules and not severe/are defunct, and we shall cross the bridge when it comes.
--The process is made responsibility of the HR and HR is not able to produce sufficient notes to the promoters and convince them that is a liability which company has to fulfill.
--Employees do not raise their voice. Company does not have any IC/Union and employees are not member of any trade union.
--Promoters/HR recruit the mix fresher’s/experienced candidates who have liabilities and succumb to tactics and pressures f the company and company has a high attrition rate.
--O/o Labor Commissioner has not taken suo moto notice for the industry/company.
--Promoters are busy making money/running the company/generating orders and are ill informed/inadequately informed and depend upon HR personnel to come to them and inform and/or convince them.
--HR team consists of one or a few number of personnel and HR personnel are not highly/properly informed.
--Promoters have not engaged legal/HR consultant or are not willing to spend on such engagements and thus whatsoever is the HR team, the team has to liaison and gather proper inputs/info and act on it.
The HR team may compile proper info/laws/acts, prepare a presentation and explain the pros and cons to the promoters. HR personnel while drafting salary structure should fragment it properly into basic, DA, VDA etc and point out to the promoters that the min. wages, applicable are and seek approval. HR must not flout the law of the land and should become firm, and may advice to seek opinion from legal advisor/labor law consultant and ask the legal advisor to wet the decision of promoters.
HR must perform good Hr practices. HR must not become party and flout norms.
Valuable advice of learned experts/members is sought.