joining another government job

Kindly check your dismissal order, if the same is a mere termination of service with no further conditions imposed, you have no worries in joining new assignment, however if the order is of dismissal from services of armed forces, you should inform your new employers before joining, also in the bio-data form for interview with SBI hope you would have informed about the current status of your employment with armed forces.

No, it will make no effect. Moreover, termination on account of absence is not a serious nature of misconduct which may be a bar on employment with another employer. However, I advise to check the advertisement for recruitment of new post, whether there was any clause to show the reason for leaving of previous employment. If is not, there is no need to worry.