According to 45-I (c) of RBI Act,1934 ‘‘financial institution’’ means any non-banking institution which carries on as its business or part of its business any of the following activities, namely:–
(i) the financing, whether by way of making loans or advances or otherwise, of any activity other than its own. It is evident from this definition that every “financial institution” must necessarily be a non-banking institution. A financial institution which is not a non-banking institution is not a financial institution. According to same RBI Act, 1934, Section 45-I (e), ‘‘non-banking institution’’ means a company, corporation 3[or cooperative society]. Hence a “financial institution” which must be a “non-banking institution” according to 45-I(c) must also be a company, corporation or cooperative society. According to 45-I (f) of RBI Act, ‘‘non-banking financial company’’ means–
(i) a financial institution which is a company;
(ii) a non-banking institution which is a company and which has as its principal business the receiving of deposits, under any scheme or arrangement or in any other manner, or lending in any manner;
(iii) such other non-banking institution or class of such institutions, as the Bank may, with the previous approval of the Central Government and by notification in the Official Gazette, specify;]
Now the question is whether India Bulls Housing Finance Ltd falls under (i) or (ii) or (iii) of the above according to 45-I(f) of RBI Act. It surely does not fall under (iii) because it is a company. When we say it is a company it is needless to say it is a Financial Institution too because it makes loans and advances. But all financial institutions must be necessarily non-banking institutions according to 45-I(c), because 45-I(c) does not talk of any financial institution which is not a non-banking institution. Hence the financial institution which is a company under 45-I(f)(i) must also satisfy the condition of being a non-banking institution. But according to 45-I(f) (ii) a NBFC becomes a non-banking institution only if it has as its “principal business” the receiving of deposits, under any scheme or arrangement or in any other manner, or lending in any manner.
However, under under section 29A of the National Housing Bank Act, 1987, India Bulls Housing Finance Ltd is not an institution valid for acceptance of Deposits. In this weblink you can find List of Housing Finance Companies granted Certificate of Registration (COR)
NOT VALID FOR ACCEPTANCE OF PUBLIC DEPOSITS
under section 29A of the National Housing Bank Act, 1987.
As India Bulls Housing Finance Ltd cannot accept deposits under Section 29A of the National Housing Bank Act, 1987, it does not fit into the definition of non-banking institution under Section 45-I(f)(ii). If it can’t be a non-banking institution it can’t be a financial institution under Section 45-I(c) of RBI Act. Hence it is not a Financial Institution.
Hence the Central Government has no right to notify it as Financial Institution under Section 2(1)(m)(iv) of the SARFAESI Act, 2002.